Writing a Cover Letter or Personal Essay for a Scholarship free essay sample

Other categories you may or may not qualify for such as volunteer work, research projects, conference papers or presentations, independent study projects, affiliations, language and skills. 3. You will need a strong organizing thesis statement or umbrella statement at the beginning in order to indicate the key categories that make you a good candidate. 4. Introduce each section with a clear topic sentence, indicating which area you plan to discuss. They should contain key words to help direct the reader. I have always chosen challenging courses, and have an excellent/ very good/ good academic record. My academic achievement is demonstrated by the numerous scholarships I have received both at the high school and university level. Have developed strong leadership skills, and know how to interact with a wide variety of other people while working several different jobs.. . Including Have done a fair amount of community service My independent research projects have strengthened my skills in laboratory work and developed in me an eye for details. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing a Cover Letter or Personal Essay for a Scholarship or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tutoring has taught me to work diplomatically and successfully with a wide variety of students. Travel has played a large role in shaping my view of others and of cultural differences. 5. Your discussions should be result oriented. As a result of working at a ann., you value accuracy, efficiency and understand job responsibility. 6. You should stress the qualities and areas of expertise that make you good candidate for the scholarship. TO do this, refer to the qualifications listed with the scholarship. So, for example, if the committee considers financial need when deciding upon the candidates, make a point of your financial need but not in a tacky way.Committees often look for such things in a candidate as well: Knowledge of chosen field, carefulness of work Motivation, enthusiasm, seriousness of purpose Creativity, originality, ingenuity of problem solving Ability to plan and carry out research, organization Ability to express thought in speech and writing Maturity, emotional stability, ability to withstand stress and face challenges Leadership skills Self-reliance, initiative, independence, adaptability Responsibility Ability to work well with others Growth potential, desire to achieve, dedication to goals 7.You will need a concluding sentence that wraps the letter up and summarizes key strengths. 8. Choice of words is important. Achieve a balance between bragging and modesty. Avoid exaggerations and cliche ©s but do not down play your worth. A list of active word is included, as well. 9. Proofread your letter/essay. Consider grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Avoid wordiness. Be clear and concise. 10. Format the letter as a letter. That means addresses and the date at the top, a greeting (Dear Mrs.. Wolf,) a closer (Sincerely,) and a signature above your name in print. 1 1 .Format the essay as an essay. If they/eve asked for an essay, do not submit a letter. * More often than not, scholarships only require either a cover letter or personal essay. If only one is required, the body of text and guidelines remain he same but the format is done accordingly. If both are required, think of the cover letter as a small, tight introduction to the personal essay. If a cover letter, personal essay, and resume are required then the cover letter intros cues you, the purpose for sending the packet of stuff youre sending, and gives a brief overview of what to expect in the resume.The personal essay becomes an expansion of the resume as well as a source of information on those things we cant glean from the resume or cover letter. ** Adapted from Writing a Cover Letter for a Scholarship. Maureen Thumb, English Department Lecturer, IS of M Flint. Tips: What to Do with a Scholarship Application Essay* 1 . Answer the Question. Review the question asked by the application. Has the student completely answered it? If not, what additional info needs to be included? How can it be effectively inserted into the text? 2. Be Original. Is the essay individual and creative or does it give an unexciting narrative? . Be Individual. Scholarship officers want to learn about the student and his or her writing ability. Is the essay meaningful and descriptive, about the students feelings and not entirely about actions? . Dont Thesauri the Composition. Big words used inappropriately make for clunky, unconvincing essays. 5. Use Imagery and Clear, Vivid Prose. A lot of students who come to us are not ease with using imagery so its up to us to see that all of the readers are engaged. 6. Spend Most of Your Time on the Introduction. Expect scholarship officers to spend 1-2 minutes reading the essay.The introduction should grab the readers interest from the beginning. Some things to keep in mind: Dont summarize in the introduction. If you summarize, the scholarship officer need not read the rest of your essay. Create mystery or intrigue in your introduction. It is not necessary or recommended that your first sentence give away the subject matter. Raise questions in the minds of the scholarship officers to force them to read on. Appeal to their emotions to make them relate to your subject matter. 7. Relate Body Paragraphs to the Introduction. The introduction can be original but cannot be silly.The paragraphs that follow must relate to the introduction. 8. Use Transitions. Applicants continue to ignore transitioning to their own detriment. Use transitions within paragraphs and especially between arcographs to preserve the logical flow of the essay. Transitions are not limited to phrases like as a result, in addition, while, since, etc. but includes repeating key words and progressing the idea. Transitions provide the intellectual architecture to argument building. 9. Conclude with a bang. The conclusion is the last chance to persuade or impress the reader.In the conclusion, avoid summary since the essay is usually short to begin with; the reader should not need to be reminded of what was written 300 words before. Also, do not use stock phrases like in conclusion, in summary, to conclude, etc. Sample Cover Letter Format* Fran Fingers 1234 Any Street Anywhere, Instate 1 2345 (123) 867-5309 October 5, XX Bonnie Blue Memorial Scholarship Selection Committee 5678 Any street Anywhere, Instate 1 2345 Members of the Selection Committee: Opening: Houses the reason for the letter, the specifics of your application, umbrella statement for rest of letter.First Paragraph: Topic Sentence, discussion of one of areas mentioned earlier (education for example) briefly or in depth depending on accompaniment of personal essay and/or resume. Second Paragraph: Transition, topics sentence, discussion of new point. Third Paragraph: See second. Fourth Paragraph: See third. Eventually you will run out of new points to discuss. You will then make the transition into a closing paragraph. Closing: Often times its easy to transition from your goals to a summation of the letter. Do not use the same wording as the opener. Thank the committee for considering your letter.Sincerely, Signature * Adapted from Guidelines for Cover Letter. CDC, U of M Flint Sample Essay/Cover Letter 1 am applying for the Ralph M. And Namely E. Freeman Honors Scholar Program Scholarship. Presently, I am a junior in the nursing program. I live my chosen profession will enable me to fulfill all of my desires to help others, to continuously expand my knowledge base and skills and to travel the world. Throughout my life have participated in extracurricular activities including valuable volunteer experiences. I have striven for academic excellence, always wishing to make the most of my education.In addition, have managed to work to provide for some of the basic expenses that students have. Next year this will especially important, as Will no longer be receiving the Chancellor Scholarship. Education has always been an important aspect of my life. While in high school I managed to take challenging courses such as advanced placement English and calculus, physics, and chemistry. I enjoyed the arts and was involved in art, band, and choir. Despite the time consuming practices for concerts, parades, musicals and exhibits, I was able to maintain a 3. 7 grade point average, allowing me to graduate as salutatorian. Decided to sty near home and come to the University of Michigan-Flint because of the smaller class size, scholarship monies and the Universitys Honor program. Have received many scholarships since I began my college career. In 1998 1 achieved the Chancellors Scholarship providing me with $1 , 700 per year for four years. Also received three scholarships from my graduating high school. The first was the Goodrich Alumni Scholarship totaling 5200. The second was the Goodrich Teachers Scholarship totaling $500.The last was from the National Honor Society and totaled $260. All of these awards were given based on scholarship and community service. Because of my acceptance in the Universitys Honor Program I also receive the Honors Scholarship. Despite the challenges of both the nursing and honors curriculum I have managed to maintain a 3. Grade point average. My efforts did not go unnoticed and in 2001 1 received two additional scholarships including the Ralph M. And Namely E. Freeman Honors Scholar Program Scholarship and the Ralph M. And Namely E.Freeman Long Distance Learning Scholarship. These accomplishments lead me to believe that in the future I will continue to perform at a high level in the academics. Although education plays a significant role in my life, am involved with many other activities. During high school I was an active member of the National Honor Society for two and a half years. My last year as a member gave me the opportunity to play a more active role as I participated as NASH treasurer. I frequently tutored individuals by offering my time before and after school for middle and high school students.I enjoy helping others with schoolwork and have continued to aid fellow students at the college level. I also enjoy the arts and participated in many performances, plays, musicals and exhibitions, often requiring traveling to other areas and interacting with new individuals. Currently I am involved with fellow nursing students on a class and university level. I belong to the National Student Nurses Association as well. I have laundered my time to inform individuals of various ages of what nursing involves and share the need for nurses. IN addition, I have entered the community to perform blood pressure screening and Offer information to those at risk for hypertension and diabetes. I have increased my knowledge base as well as my public presentation skills by presenting one of my papers, Beatrice and Katharine: Shakespearean unconventional Women at the Purdue University-Calumet Undergraduate Research Conference in 1999. Through all of these experiences have learned to act as a leader, work in groups, and organize my time appropriately. In addition to school related activities I am also involved with my local church. Each a class of 3-6 year old kids. When other teachers are unable to teach Sunday school I do not hesitate to come to their aid. I have participated in church cleanup, nursery duty and choir as well. I feel that by aiding in church related activities I am setting a positive example for the children within the church to follow. Work is also a part of my life. Until recently, would work 16-20 hours/week to provide for educational expenses. Presently I work 8 hours/week in the neonatal intensive care unit as an extern at Hurley Medical Center.I enjoy working because I am able to see newborns progress to a state where they can finally be discharged to their families. Enjoy teaching parents about their infants such as what to expect, what is normal for their infant to do and when to call the doctor. During the summer of 2001 1 worked in a group of three other individuals to perform a quality improvement project on savage fed infants and then presented the results to our peers. Through my work experiences I have learned a little more about what to expect upon completion of the nursing program and now know the reality of what to expect as a registered nurse.Seeing problems such as mandatory overtime and poor benefits despite a nursing shortage has motivated me to remain active in associations such as the Student Nursing Association because I realize that as a group we will be able to voice our concerns about the issues that nurses face today. My goal is to become a registered nurse so that can perform task that clients cannot do for themselves as well as be an active listener, patient advocate and educator. At some point I would enjoy going back to school to become a practitioner.I have had an extraordinary number of nursing instructors who ere absolutely wonderful and would one day like to give back what they have given to me by becoming an instructor. I know that one day I will provide something meaningful to the individuals that I encounter. Sample Essay /Cover Letter 2 wish to apply for the scholarship. I believe that my excellent academic record, and service work make me a good candidate for a scholarship. Throughout high school maintained a high level of academic achievements while volunteering for community service and working 20 hours a week.I graduated from Swoosh high school as the Salutatorian of my class in 1999. Had a 3. 9 GAP In addition to my academic classes, such as AP English and Physics, was a member of the A capable Choir. This demanded extra time and effort especially before the concerts in December, March and May during which our director held extra practices at night and on the weekends. Not only was involved with academic and extra curricular activities; I also worked in a pizza restaurant approximately 20 hours a week. After two years, was promoted to a key holding position where am still working today.I supervise the other employees, handle customer complaints and close the building at night. This employment has taught me much about myself and others. Have learned what it means to work hard and how to motivate other to do the same thing. At the University of Michigan-Flint, applied and was one of twenty students from a total of seventy applicants t enter the honors program. In addition, I was awarded the Distinguished Chancellor Scholarship, Michigan Competitive Scholarship and Honors Program Scholarship.These resources have made my college experiences possible. I am working towards a degree in elementary education with concentration in mathematics and language arts. Eave continued to maintain an excellent academic record of academic achievement with a GAP of 3. 93, while working thirty five to forty five hours a week to finance my education. Presently, work at Fred Meyer Jewelers, Maniocs Pizza and Grinders, and as a Supplemental Instructor (SSL) for Business Calculus. From this wide range of experiences have gained a broad background of life.I enjoy working with and for people. Have learned from being an SSL leader how to explain things in several different ways and not to give up until the student truly understands the material. In addition to my employment I also continue to volunteer for community service. Assist in a kindergarten class every Wednesday. I have tied shoes; put on name tags, sang songs and helped the children make apple muffins. I help the teacher with lessons, art projects, supervising during play time, testing and many other aspects of the career hope to have one day.It is the most rewarding experience at this pointing in my life. I love children. Watching them grow and learn is one of my greatest joys. Also give some of my time to the children at my church. I am the leader of the puppet team there. I organize outings, performances and competitions for about fifteen children between the ages Of eleven and sixteen. I conduct practice for two hours every Saturday in which the puppeteers learn more about puppetry and practice songs and skits for upcoming performances. Chose the material and make decisions about who gets which part.Dedication and commitment are TV0 of the traits that have been developed in me through this experience. After graduation I hope to become an elementary school teacher. I am committed to this goal as is evident by my record of academic accomplishments and community service. I am convinced that all these factors make me a good candidate for this scholarship. Sample Essay/Cover Letter 3 My name is , and I am applying for the Ralph M. And Namely E. Freeman Philosophy Scholarship. Presently, I am a senior working towards a Bachelors degree in Philosophy and English with a specialization in writing.Despite being a full time student, balancing two majors, maintaining a 3. 8 GAP, and working over 30 hours a week, I also take the initiative to enhance my education outside the classroom. Constantly strive for excellence and am committed to making my time as an undergraduate as productive and inefficient as possible. A well-rounded student, my interests span across curriculum and culture. Ive thirsted for knowledge since childhood, and when I finally reached high school, my craving was further whetted. I finished fifth grade in the United States before moving to Bethlehem, Palestine.There, in my parents homeland, completed the next 4 years of my education. Consequently, I attended my first year of high school in an Arabic school. Although I did exceedingly well there, ranking seventh amongst my classmates, my family relocated to Grand Bland, MI before I began tenth grade. Regardless of the radical shift in culture and educational systems, I excelled in my new setting. I graduated from Grand Bland High School in January 2000, a semester early, with a 3. 81 GAP and ranking 38th out of a class of 468.Attending college liberated me and allowed me to not only explore a wider array of subjects, including women, gender and feminist studies, but also explore myself. I grew into a strong woman, questioning the status quo and doing all can to change injustices find. My development was aided by the Michigan Competitive Scholarship (since Fall 2002) and consistently acknowledged by the University of Michigan-Flint Scholar Award (for every semester at U of M Flint except Fall 2000). My personal achievements exceed beyond school, however. Work roughly 30 hours a week, spread liberally over two jobs.The first is as a cashier for Brines Market. Ive learned to work with others through this experience and it has shaped me into a responsible adult. As Brines is a family business, I often open and close the market, work with suppliers, track purchase and sales, in addition to hands-on jobs like stocking shelves. The second is as head tutor in the Marina E. Wright Writing Center. Am responsible not only for tutoring developmental writers enrolled in ENG 109 and students wanting one-on-one appointments for any subject, In any stage of writing but also supervise the day-to-day operations of the center.I monitor scheduling and budget, organize and lead meetings, plan and execute workshops, and overall keep the writing center running smoothly for the benefit of fellow tutors and students. Currently, Im also voluntarily involved in planning the 1 lath Annual Michigan Writing Centers Ideas Exchange with my co-workers, manager and director. Ive also helped revise he syllabus for the centers tutor training course. After its revisions, I worked with the centers director and fellow staff to carry out the revisions in the actual classroom.My work in the center is extremely gratifying both on the personal and professional level. Take pleasure in watching my students discover and rediscover writing. Furthermore, their success inspires me to delve into my own work regularly. In that avenue, I spend what little spare time I have writing and revising poetry for submission to contests and various publications. Im also in the process of assembling a work tentatively titled Fabulous Feminism which I intend to be an introductory guide to feminism in all its faces.

Free Essays on Napster

Just do IP Issue 42, August 2, 2000 "People are copying music because they feel somewhat disenfranchised with the options they have at their disposal in the digital space. It's up to the content industry to create value in the digital arena and they've made phenomenal steps in that direction." Talal Shamoon, a key technologist for the SDMI (Secure Digital Music Initiative) Salon, 31 Jul 2000-08-01 JUDGE FINDS AGAINST NAPSTER District judge Marilyn Hall Patel ruled in favour of the Recording Industry Association of America (riaa.com/) (RIAA) regarding the Napster copyright case, based on the sheer size of the infringement that was taking place. Judge Patel directed that Napster should stop its song-swap activities and refused a motion that would delay the injunction until after an appeal had been presented. Napster intends to appeal against the decision. Related article: 'Napster legal scrap could backfire on record industry' Source: ZDNet News, 26 July 2000 CONSUMERS BUY MORE MUSIC PRODUCTS AFTER 'TESTING' A PC Data Online (pcdataonline.com) survey reports that only 16% of respondents supported the RIAA's claim that Napster was in breach of intellectual property regulations and should be shut down. 57% agreed that it was unrealistic to control the free exchange of music. Many users said that they would not be dissuaded from downloading music even if it was deemed illegal. Almost 60% claimed that using Napster helped them in their music buying and 83% liked the ability afforded by the technology to test songs before purchasing CDs or cassettes. Source: PC Data Online News Release, 27 July 2000 CONTROL OF MUSIC DOWNLOADING BEYOND INDUSTRY CONTROL Despite all the media attention given to the Napster case, the Gartner Group (http://gartner11.gartnerweb.com/) believes that music downloading via the Net will prevail. Gartner suggests that it would have been more strategic for the RIAA to find a c... Free Essays on Napster Free Essays on Napster Is trading digital music using Napster Online legal or copyright infringement? First, we must find out what Napster is and who created it. Napster is a combination of â€Å"the features of existing programs: the instant-messaging system of Internet Relay Chat, the file-sharing functions of Microsoft Windows and the advanced searching and filtering capabilities of various search engines†(Greenfield). Basically all it is, is a really cool little program that a person can download off of the internet for free. Install it on the nearest computer, go through the setup, log on to the internet, and type in someone’s favorite artist. When the artist or song name is entered into the search engine part of Napster, it searches the Napster server and files of other users online at that time for your artist or song. Point-click-download, it is easy as that to get what some people call illegal Mp3’s. Mp3 stands for mpeg layer 3, a small music file that downloads quickly from the Internet. Many people have found out these files can be hard to find, leading the explorer to dead ends if a searcher doesn’t know where to go or doesn’t want to pay for them. But in 1999, a person by the name of Shawn Fanning decided to do something about the availability of these files. â€Å"Fanning figured out that if he combined a music-search function with a file-sharing system and, to facilitate communication, instant messaging, he could bypass the rat’s nest of legal and technical problems that kept great music from breaking out all over the World Wide Web† (Greenfield). So, over a period of months in 1999, he created the famed Napster. At 18 years of age, Shawn would become a teenager’s hero and best friend from whom to get new free music. Then these few lines of code and combined programs got this 18 year-old in a lot of trouble. If you look at the back of a CD or on the credits page of a magazine or book, you will find a copyright number and date. Acc... Free Essays on Napster The Napster software (napster.com), launched early in 1999, allows internet users to share and download MP3 files directly from any computer connected to the Napster network. The software is used by downloading a client program from the Napster site and then connecting to the network through this software, which allows sharing (uploading and downloading) of MP3 files between all users connected to the network. While Napster does not condone copyright infringement, there is no opportunity in the software to stop this, or for royalties to be paid to artists whose songs are being duplicated for free. Unlike similar file-sharing applications (Gnutella, Freenet), Napster limits users to uploading/downloading of MP3 files only. These files are compressed wave (.wav) files. The advantage of MP3 files is that they are approximately one-tenth the size of the corresponding .wav file and can be close-to-CD-quality. It is for this reason that many artists, record labels and other music industry stakeholders are concerned by the MP3 file format and applications like Napster that simplify the sharing of copyrighted material. Other file formats in common use on the Internet are not as threatening to the recording industry; primarily due to the reduced quality of the recording. Real audio (.ra, .rm) files have reduced sound quality (comparable to radio) and are usually streamed over a different protocol, allowing people to listen to songs without having (or being able) to download the source files. Another 'music' file format common on the internet is the midi format. These files are of no threat to the music industry because the files are not actually a recording of the music; rather a set of instructions to the computer as to what sounds to play (and there is no way to duplicate vocal tracks). This file format is also becoming outdated and being used less and less. The reaction from recording artists, record labels and... Free Essays on Napster There’s no such thing as a free lunch, but due to open peer to peer architecture music is. In 1998 a group of college students launched this innovative Napster technology. Since then the software has generated great controversy within the music industry due to alleged copyright infringement. However, the music industry has failed to see Napster’s potential as a valuable tool in helping them where previously they had been unsuccessful. The purpose of this program was to give everyone a chance to listen to music without paying. Napster is a program that allow a user to download various mp3s from other users on the Napster Network. An Mp3 is a song, in C.D. quality, which has become easily accessible through programs like Napster. Napster has become so famous for all of the copyright laws it breaks and an alternative to buying the artist’s CD. There is no longer a need to buy CD’s. Many who own CD Burners simply download their favorite MP3’s and make their own music CD’s. Despite this fact, Napster actually benefits artists and record labels in many other ways. It distributes all different types of music, professional and local to millions of people at no price. It also gives unknown artists a chance to have their music listened to. In this way it acts as a free marketing tool. There are many famous artists that favor the use of Napster. They believe that it lets their music get out their and heard thus capturing more fans which can generate income in other ways such as concerts. One of the greatest benefits is that it saves people from having to go out and buy a 15-dollar CD. Instead people can download their favorite songs from the comfort of their own home. Regardless of this, Napster also has its bad attributes. Many artists are against Napster. They believe that hard working artists get cheated out of money because people simply download the song rather than going out and buying the CD. Nap... Free Essays on Napster Ethical Analysis of Napster Technical Issue The Napster software (napster.com/), launched early in 1999, allows Internet users to share and download MP3 files directly from any computer connected to the Napster network. The software is used by downloading a client program from the Napster site and then connecting to the network through this software, which allows sharing (uploading and downloading) of MP3 files between all users connected to the network. While Napster does not condone copyright infringement, there is no opportunity in the software to stop this, or for royalties to be paid to artists whose songs are being duplicated for free. Unlike similar file-sharing applications (Gnutella, Freenet), Napster limits users to uploading/downloading of MP3 files only. These files are compressed wave (*.wav) files. The advantage of MP3 files is that they are approximately one-tenth the size of the corresponding .wav file and can be close-to-CD-quality. It is for this reason that many artists, record labels and other music industry stakeholders are concerned by the MP3 file format and applications like Napster that simplify the sharing of copyrighted material. Other file formats in common used on the Internet are not as threatening to the recording industry, primarily due to the reduced quality of the recording. Real audio (*.ra, *.rm) files have reduced sound quality (comparable to radio) and are usually streamed over a different protocol, allowing people to listen to songs without having (or being able) to download the source files. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), a trade group representing the US recording industry, alleges that Napster is enabling and encouraging the illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted music. Also, a number of universities have blocked student access to Napster. Universities say they are taking this step primarily because so many students are downloading music ... Free Essays on NAPSTER The record companies can make as much or more money by abandoning their old business model and going with Napster's. They should look at the numbers, do the math, and then join with Shawn Fanning?s Napster. Then again, why do that when they can have both business models and make twice as much money? When Napster first started out, it had around 50,000 users, and as a music distribution service, there was nothing so exciting about it. The concept made no sense to the record industry, which saw it as a glorified bootlegging operation. But along with the MP3 movement, Napster introduced the notion of practical electronic music distribution, which appealed to early adopters and computer nuts. Once the lawsuits began, people saw a repeated free publicity for a littleknown product, thanks to media attention. Napster became a household name within months. But instead of the record companies dealing with 50,000 dedicated users making copies of their music, they now have to face over 5! 0 million. The The number of users and how this changes the money flow for the record industry was overlooked. The CD business is a $13 billion market. Of this $13 billion, a big chunk of money goes to distribution and manufacturing. Meanwhile, many Napster users have said that they will pay up to $20 a month to keep this service alive. The company has suggested $5 a month for access. Exactly how many people would pay is unknown, but I suspect the numbers will be high. If the service were legal and ethical, I'm certain many people who aren?t sure about it would join. Adding special international servers and more specialized subsystems would also make a subscription model more appealing. With good marketing, more services, and legal, free trading of all content 24 hours a day, I think holding 50 million users is possible. I think $10 a month is the right fee. I'd pay it in a minute. If 50 million users each paid $10 a month, or $120 a year, for unlimited access... Free Essays on Napster Just do IP Issue 42, August 2, 2000 "People are copying music because they feel somewhat disenfranchised with the options they have at their disposal in the digital space. It's up to the content industry to create value in the digital arena and they've made phenomenal steps in that direction." Talal Shamoon, a key technologist for the SDMI (Secure Digital Music Initiative) Salon, 31 Jul 2000-08-01 JUDGE FINDS AGAINST NAPSTER District judge Marilyn Hall Patel ruled in favour of the Recording Industry Association of America (riaa.com/) (RIAA) regarding the Napster copyright case, based on the sheer size of the infringement that was taking place. Judge Patel directed that Napster should stop its song-swap activities and refused a motion that would delay the injunction until after an appeal had been presented. Napster intends to appeal against the decision. Related article: 'Napster legal scrap could backfire on record industry' Source: ZDNet News, 26 July 2000 CONSUMERS BUY MORE MUSIC PRODUCTS AFTER 'TESTING' A PC Data Online (pcdataonline.com) survey reports that only 16% of respondents supported the RIAA's claim that Napster was in breach of intellectual property regulations and should be shut down. 57% agreed that it was unrealistic to control the free exchange of music. Many users said that they would not be dissuaded from downloading music even if it was deemed illegal. Almost 60% claimed that using Napster helped them in their music buying and 83% liked the ability afforded by the technology to test songs before purchasing CDs or cassettes. Source: PC Data Online News Release, 27 July 2000 CONTROL OF MUSIC DOWNLOADING BEYOND INDUSTRY CONTROL Despite all the media attention given to the Napster case, the Gartner Group (http://gartner11.gartnerweb.com/) believes that music downloading via the Net will prevail. Gartner suggests that it would have been more strategic for the RIAA to find a c...

W00T †Word Of The Year

W00T – Word Of The Year W00T Word Of The Year W00T Word Of The Year By Sharon Merriam Webster has published its 2007 word of the year, and the winner is w00t. Who would have thought that a word with numbers in it would make the cut? According to M-W, the word is an expression of joy (similar to yay). Its also used by gamers to signify: We owned the other team. Words containing numbers are common in the vernacular of computer hackers. Other words in the top ten include: facebook (meaning to post to facebook) conundrum (a riddle or difficult problem) quixotic (foolishly impractical, capricious or unpredictable) blamestorm (discussing in a group who is to blame for missing a deadline) sardoodledom (mechanically contrived plot or structure or unrealistic characterization) apathetic (spiritless or indifferent) Pecksniffian (unctuously hypocritical) hypocrite (someone who puts on a false appearance or acts contrary to his or her beliefs) charlatan (a quack or fraud) The word of the year competition has been running since 2003. Previous word lists can be found here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowTelling a Good Poem from a Bad One40 Idioms with First

Is the Disneyised M&M's World better than M&M's typical McDonaldized Research Paper

Is the Disneyised M&M's World better than M&M's typical McDonaldized selling place - Research Paper Example There are two varying approaches that have prompted the development of the two theories of McDonaldization and Disneyification. If M&Ms World adopts a McDonaldized space branding, then it stands to benefit massively from the great features exposed by the theory. Both Disney and McDonalds have distinct space where people, interact and experience life by consideration of the exterior and interior. McDonalds have a welcoming big letter â€Å"M† that creates a nostalgic remembrance day after viewing it. The color yellow is very lively and attractive. The letter can be seen very miles away. The distinctive creates a lovable exterior characterization for McDonalds. Many McDonald’s outlets have adopted the use of cartoons resembling who are in joyful modes. Many people are most likely to be attracted by jovial pictures of the cartoon. The cartoon is normally adorned in merrymaking in fanciful attires. Most commonly are red muffin, red, white stripped long –sleeve T-shirt and a yellow overall. The exterior design of the most McDonalds outlets is very attractive, in essence. McDonaldized M&Ms World building or space design is likely to resemble the emblematic McDonald design. McDonalds interior has excellent lighting system with trademark design letter ‘†M† inside their building. Most of them are characteristic in nature reveling esthetic and adorable artwork. McDonalds has great architecture and space design exposing welcoming features to the clients. The great number of clients visiting its outlets indicates the extents of comfort and love they have for the space design done by them. Another notable factor about the McDonalds outlets is the spacious regions left for the clients in the facilitation of free movement of the clients. They also have excellent use of light paint colors that pro perly motivate clients since they are very attractive. On contrary, Disneyification of M&Ms World means adoption

Writting about SARs disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Writting about SARs disease - Essay Example o appropriate medications and swift action on the parts of doctors and nurses to help contain the virus, there were only eight reported cases in the United States that year. â€Å"All of these people had traveled to other parts of the world with SARS. SARS did not spread more widely in the community in the United States† (CDC, 2005). However, this does not mean that the virus could not possibly spread in the US general population at some point in the future or that the danger of the illness should be underestimated or ignored. To ensure that a general outbreak does not occur, it is up to the medical community to remain informed about the disease, including knowledge regarding what causes it, how it is transmitted and the best ways of treating it. With this knowledge in hand, it is possible to develop intervention strategies appropriate for use by community health nurses. The SARS virus is considered a febrile severe lower respiratory illness. This simply means that it is an illness that attacks the lower respiratory system and is accompanied by fever. Most patients experience a high fever at the onset of the disease of something higher than 100.4ï‚ °F. This is most often accompanied by a headache, overall body aching and a sense of discomfort regardless of attempts to the contrary. According to the CDC, â€Å"some people have mild respiratory symptoms at the outset. About 10 percent to 20 percent of patients have diarrhea† (2005). This condition typically persists for anywhere from two to seven days before the patient develops a dry cough. An overwhelming number of patients with the illness then begin to develop pneumonia. Other common symptoms of the disease include rashes, loss of appetite and general confusion. In attempting to discover the cause of the disease, scientists have identified a novel coronavirus now referred to as SARS-associated coronoavirus. A coronavirus is a subgroup of the RNA viruses. This particular type is unique in that they

History of Coffee Essay Example for Free

History of Coffee Essay The global spread of coffee growing and drinking began in the Horn of Africa, where, according to legend, coffee trees originated in the Ethiopian province of Kaffa. It is recorded that the fruit of the plant, known as coffee cherries, was eaten by slaves taken from present day Sudan into Yemen and Arabia through the great port of its day, Mocha. Coffee was certainly being cultivated in Yemen by the 15th century and probably much earlier. In an attempt to prevent its cultivation elsewhere, the Arabs imposed a ban on the export of fertile coffee beans, a restriction that was eventually circumvented in 1616 by the Dutch, who brought live coffee plants back to the Netherlands to be grown in greenhouses. Initially, the authorities in Yemen actively encouraged coffee drinking. The first coffeehouses or kaveh kanes opened in Mecca and quickly spread throughout the Arab world, thriving as places where chess was played, gossip was exchanged and singing, dancing and music were enjoyed. Nothing quite like this had existed before: a place where social and business life could be conducted in comfortable surroundings and where for the price of a cup of coffee anyone could venture. Perhaps predictably, the Arabian coffeehouse soon became a centre of political activity and was suppressed. Over the next few decades coffee and coffeehouses were banned numerous times but kept reappearing until eventually an acceptable way out was found when a tax was introduced on both. By the late 1600’s the Dutch were growing coffee at Malabar in India and in 1699 took some plants to Batavia in Java, in what is now Indonesia. Within a few years the Dutch colonies had become the main suppliers of coffee to Europe, where coffee had first been brought by Venetian traders in 1615. This was a period when the two other globally significant hot beverages also appeared in Europe. Hot chocolate was the first, brought by the Spanish from the Americas to Spain in 1528; and tea, which was first sold in Europe in 1610. At first coffee was mainly sold by lemonade vendors and was believed to have medicinal qualities. The first European coffeehouse opened in Venice in 1683, with the most famous, Caffe Florian in Piazza San Marco, opening in 1720. It is still open for business today. The largest insurance market in the world, Lloyds of London, began life as a coffeehouse. It was started in 1688 by Edward Lloyd, who prepared lists of the ships that his customers had insured. The first literary reference to coffee being drunk in North America is from 1668 and, soon after, coffee houses were established in New York, Philadelphia, Boston and other towns. The Boston Tea Party Of 1773 was planned in a coffee house, the Green Dragon. Both the New York Stock Exchange and the Bank of New York started in coffeehouses in what is today known as Wall Street. In 1720 a French naval officer named Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu, while on leave in Paris from his post in Martinique, acquired a coffee tree with the intention of taking it with him on the return voyage. With the plant secured in a glass case on deck to keep it warm and prevent damage from salt water, the journey proved eventful. As recorded in de Clieus own journal, the ship was threatened by Tunisian pirates. There was a violent storm, during which the plant had to be tied down. A jealous fellow officer tried to sabotage the plant, resulting in a branch being torn off. When the ship was becalmed and drinking water rationed, De Clieu ensured the plant’s survival by giving it most of his precious water. Finally, the ship arrived in Martinique and the coffee tree was re-planted at Preebear. It grew, and multiplied, and by 1726 the first harvest was ready. It is recorded that, by 1777, there were between 18 and 19 million coffee trees on Martinique, and the model for a new cash crop that could be grown in the New World was in place. But it was the Dutch who first started the spread of the coffee plant in Central and South America, where today it reigns supreme as the main continental cash crop. Coffee first arrived in the Dutch colony of Surinam in 1718, to be followed by plantations in French Guyana and the first of many in Brazil in the state of Para. In 1730 the British introduced coffee to Jamaica, where today the most famous and expensive coffee in the world is grown in the Blue Mountains. The 17th and 18th centuries saw the establishment across Brazil of vast sugar plantations or fazendas, owned by the country’s elite. As sugar prices weakened in the 1820’s, capital and labour migrated to the southeast in response to the expansion of coffee growing in the Paraiba Valley, where it had been introduced in 1774. By the beginning of the 1830’s Brazil was the world’s largest producer with some 600,000 bags a year, followed by Cuba, Java and Haiti, each with annual production of 350 to 450,000 bags. World production amounted to some 2. 5 million bags per year. The rapid expansion of production in Brazil and Java, among others, caused a significant decline in world prices. These bottomed out in the late 1840’s, from which point a strong upward movement occurred, reaching its peak in the 1890’s. During this latter period, due mainly to a lack of inland transport and manpower, Brazilian expansion slowed considerably. Meanwhile, the upward movement of prices encouraged the growth of coffee cultivation in other producing regions in the Americas such as Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador and Colombia. In Colombia, where coffee had been introduced by the Jesuits as early as 1723, civil strife and the inaccessibility of the best coffee-growing regions had hampered the growth of a coffee industry. Following the â€Å"Thousand Days War† of 1899 to 1903, the new peace saw Colombians turn to coffee as their salvation. While larger plantations, or haciendas, dominated the upper Magdalena river regions of Cundinamarca and Tolima, determined peasants staked new claims in the mountainous regions to the west, in Antioquia and Caldas. New railways, relying on coffee for profit, allowed more coffee to be grown and transported. The opening of the Panama Canal in 1914 permitted exports from Colombia’s previously unreachable Pacific coast, with the port of Buenaventura assuming increasing importance. In 1905 Colombia exported five hundred thousand bags of coffee; by 1915 exports had doubled. While Brazil desperately tried to control its overproduction, Colombian coffee became increasingly popular with American and European consumers. In 1914 Brazil supplied three-quarters of U. S. imports with 5. 6 million bags, but by 1919 that figure had fallen to 4. 3 million, while Colombia’s share had risen from 687,000 to 915,000 bags. During the same period Central American exports to the U. S. had risen from 302,000 to 1. 2 million bags. In spite of political turmoil, social upheaval and economic vicissitude, the 20th century saw an essentially continuous rise in demand for coffee. U. S. consumption continued to grow reaching a peak in 1946, when annual per capita consumption was 19. 8 pounds, twice the figure in 1900. Especially during periods of high global prices, this steadily increasing demand lead to an expansion in production throughout the coffee-growing regions of the world. With the process of decolonisation that began in the years following the Second World War, many newly independent nations in Africa, notably Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda and Burundi, found themselves in varying degrees dependent on coffee export revenue. For US coffee drinkers, the country’s wettest city, Seattle, has become synonymous with a new type of cafe culture, which, from its birth in the 1970s, swept the continent, dramatically improving the general quality of the beverage. This new found evangelism for coffee has spread to the rest of the world, even to countries with great coffee traditions of their own, such as Italy, Germany, and Scandinavia, adding new converts to the pleasures of good coffee. Today it is possible to find good coffee in every major city of the world, from London to Sydney to Tokyo; we are drinking more and, more importantly, better coffee. The importance of coffee to the world economy cannot be overstated. It is one of the most valuable primary products in world trade, in many years second in value only to oil as a source of foreign exchange to producing countries. Its cultivation, processing, trading, transportation and marketing provide employment for hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Coffee is crucial to the economies and politics of many developing countries; for many of the worlds Least Developed Countries, exports of coffee account for more than 50 percent of their foreign exchange earnings. Coffee is a traded commodity on major futures and commodity exchanges, most importantly in London and New York. ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION I. FACILITIES According to the experts and professionals, the facilities must be divided into series of modules which can be combined as required to suit a particular location. The following modules are included: A. Administrative Service †¢ Lobby 15 m? †¢ Information and Reception area 10 m? †¢ Toilet 1. 67 m? B. Employee Facilities †¢ Cafeteria and Kitchen 30 m? †¢ Recreation Area (Indoor and Outdoor) 50 m? †¢ Factory Men’s and Women’s Lockers and Toilets 35 m? †¢ Office Men’s and women’s Lockers and Toilets 35 m? †¢ Meeting area 45 m? †¢ Nurse’s station and First Aid 25 m? C. Warehouse 200 m? D. Wet Processing Area (Produces Washed Coffee) †¢ Cherry reception/Sorting Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Floatation Area 30 m? †¢ Pregrader/Pulper Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Pregrading Area 25 m? †¢ Fermentation Area 35 m? †¢ Washing Area 25 m? †¢ Grading Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Skin Drying Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Sun and or Mechanical drying area 20 m? /machine †¢ Storage 35 m? †¢ Toilet( Men and Women) 6 m? E. Dry Processing Area( Produces Original Coffee) †¢ Cherry reception/Sorting area 15 m? /machine †¢ Floatation area 25 m? †¢ Skin drying and raking area 20 m? /machine †¢ Storage/conditioning area 35 m? †¢ Toilet(Men and Women) 6 m? F. Coffee Milling Area 25 m? /machine G. Packaging Area 20 m? /machine H. Cocoa Processing (to produce cocoa butter, cocoa powder) †¢ Cocoa Bean Reception Area 30 m? †¢ Cleansing and Shelling Area 45 m? †¢ Winnowing And Roasting Area 30 m? †¢ Grinding and Refining Area 15 m? /machine †¢ Alcalizing Area 20 m? †¢ Pressing Area 20 m? /machine †¢ Milling Area25 m? /machine †¢ Bagging Area 25 m? /machine †¢ Storage 35 m? I. Delivery Loading/Unloading Area 80 m? J. Parking Area 100 m? K. Villas for tourist 3600 m? †¢ Villa lot size 120 m? L. Villas for Workers 3000 m? †¢ Villa lot size 90 m? M. Museum 150 m? N. Coffee Spa 200 m? O. Restaurant 200 m? P. Horse Back riding 500 m? Q. Sports and Recreational Facilities 1500 m? Machinery and Equipments (Wet Process and Dry Process) †¢ Vertical Dick Type Coffee Pulper VCP 700 †¢ Vertical Disk Type Coffee Pulper VCP – 5000 †¢ Vertical Dick Type Coffee Pulper VCP – 200 †¢ Bucket Elevators 1 †¢ Bucket Elevators 2 †¢ Coffee Hullers †¢ Coffee Graders †¢ Gravity Separators †¢ Catador †¢ 50 kg/hour Coffee Roaster †¢ 150 kg/hour Coffee Roaster †¢ 70 kg/hour Coffee Roaster †¢ Coffee Grinder †¢ Coffee Mixer Machine Harverster †¢ Korvan Harvester †¢ Brastoft Harvester. Details and Images of Machineries and Equipments attached in Appendix I BREWING TIPS FOR THAT PERFECT CUP †¢ Buy freshly roasted coffee in whole beans. Coffee is best consumed within 60 days from when it was roasted. †¢ Store in an air tight container away from light. †¢ Grind your coffee as you need it. Make sure that you use the right grind for your brewing system. †¢ Use cold filtered water that is pleasant tasting. †¢ Use one standard coffee measure or two tablespoons per 6 oz cup of coffee †¢ To keep your brewed coffee longer transfers it to a thermos. Space Programming (Coffee Processing) Space Programming (Employee Facilities). Site Selection I. Criteria for Site Selection |Location |It should be located in an agricultural zone with soil that are deep, well-drained | | |and rich in organic matter | |Size |30 to 50 hectares | |Accessibility |Easy access to Metro Manila, to major to minor road | |Transportation |Must be reachable through commuters and private vehicles | |Climate/Environment |Climate which has sharply defined wet and dry season, the mean temperature is 20o to| | |38o Celsius | |Topography |Relatively flat | |Utilities |Accessible to water main, proper sewage system, electrical service and communication | | |networks |. Site Selection |Criteria |Site A |Site B |Site C | | |(Sumulong,Batangas) |(Lipa City, Batangas) |(Lipa City, Batangas) | |Location It should be located in |It is located in an agricultural |It is located in agricultural zone|It is located in agricultural | |an agricultural zone with soil that|zone of brgy. Simulong Batangas |of Brgy. Pinagkawitan, City of |zone of Brgy. Pussil. City of | |are deep, well-drained and rich in |City |Lipa |Lipa | |organic matter | | | | |Size – 30 to 50 hectares. |20 hectares |55 hectares |24 hectares | |Utilities Accessible to water | National Power Corporation, |National Power Corporation, |National Power Corporation, | |main, proper sewage system, |Batangas Water District |Batangas Water District, PLDT, |Batangas Water District, PLDT, | |electrical service and | |Digitel Telecommunication Phils. |Digitel Telecommunication | |communication networks | |And Globe Telecom |Phils. And Globe Telecom | |Accessibility Easy access to |Easy access to Metro Manila, to |Easy access to Metro Manila |Easy access to Metro Manila | |Metro Manila, to major and minor |major and minor road |To major to minor road |to major to minor road | |road | | | | |Transportation Must be reachable|Public utility vehicles |Public utility vehicles |Public utility vehicles | |through commuters and private |Private vehicles |Private vehicles |Private vehicles | |vehicles | | | | |Topography – Relatively flat |Relatively flat | Relatively flat | Relatively flat |. |Climate Climate which has sharply|Temperature of 26 ° / 38 °c, wet |Temperature of 25 ° / 36 °C wet |Temperature of 25 ° / 38 °C wet | |defined wet and dry season, the |and dry season |and dry season |and dry season | |mean temperature is 20o to 38o | | | | |Celsius | | | | Based from the site selection, Site B is the best site among the other site choices. Site B is strategically located in well – agricultural zone and meets the entire requirement needed in the proposal in term of conditions of land and distance from the Brgys. Apparently Site B heading the most perfect site for the proposal since, it is near from the commercial areas and its in agricultural zone III. Profile of Site A. Locations Situated in near Brgy. Pinagkawitan, Lipa City, Batangas, Boundaries: South Luzon Expressway, Padre Torres Provincial Road B. Size – As recommended the size of the site 30 to 50 Hectares is near and most rated in the site category and most preferred site standard to the proposal. C. Accessibility – the site accessibility is no problem at all since; the site is adjacent to the expressway and major road in Batangas D. Utilities – Telephone, Fax, Radio, Electricity from National Power Corporation, water supply from Batangas Water District E. Transportation – Public Utility vehicles and rivate vehicles F. Topography – flat terrain Map and details of the site are attached in Appendix II DESIGN CONCEPT Modern architecture is a term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament. The style was conceived early in the 20th century. Modern Architecture was adopted by many influential architects and architectural educators, however very few Modern buildings were built in the first half of the century. It gained popularity after the Second World War and became the dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate buildings for three decades. CHARACTERISTICS Modern architecture is usually characterized by: †¢ a rejection of historical styles as a source of architectural form (historicism) †¢ an adoption of the principle that the materials and functional requirements determine the result. †¢ an adoption of the machine aesthetic †¢ a rejection of ornament †¢ a simplification of form and elimination of unnecessary detail †¢ an adoption of expressed structure †¢ Form follows function DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ZONING: Zoning determines the size and use of buildings, where they are located and, in large measure, the densities of the city’s diverse neighborhoods. Along with the city’s power to budget, tax, and condemn property, zoning is a key tool for carrying out planning policy. ACCESSIBILITY: Accessibility is a general term used to describe the degree to which a product (e. g. , device, service, and environment) is accessible by as many people as possible. DISABILITIES: The disability rights movement advocates equal access to social, political, and economic life which includes not only physical access but access to the same tools, services, organizations and facilities which we all pay for. STABILITY: Stability of the propose building must be consider. The builfing must withstand any circumstances that might affect and might destroy it, like an earthquake. References Burea of Agricultural Statistics Department of Agriculture Nescafe Philippines Inc Nestle Philippines Inc P. D. 856 – Code on Sanitation of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations P. D. 1096 – National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing P. D. 1185 – Fire Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations R. A. 184 – Philippine Electrical Code R. A.1378 – National Plumbing Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing http://www. tupeloplantation. com/documents/tupelo-plantation-pud. pdf www. internationalorganizationofcoffee. inc http://www. charityfarm. co. uk/charityfarm. htm http://www. vetiver. org/ETH_WORKSHOP_09/ETH_A6a. pdf http://www. losaricoffeeplantation. com/ http://xandercap. com/Documents/New%20Exec%20Summary%20-%20V2. pdf www. internationalorganizationofcoffee. inc Time-Saver Standards for Building Types. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1980 THE SITE.

security trader :: essays research papers

The financial occupation of a security trader is a highly rigorous and pressure filled position. A security trader must constantly be aware of the current market position, as well as be able to predict in the near future what the market will do, based both on past outcomes and personal predictions. A position as a security trader is likely to be highly dictated by one’s own self-motivation. Yearly income is based on commission, and being able to get new clients as well as retain old ones is based purely on the performance of the broker. If the broker can not provide a monetary gain for his client, then it puts more pressure on both the broker and the client, which could strain the relationship. Entry level individuals may find long hours and commission to be cumbersome out of the college environment but can eventually lead to be the keys to success within the field. Advancement within a firm also is based on the broker’s work ethic, as it is solely up to the broker to decide how far he wishes to advance within the securities exchange market. Andrew Charbonneau Finance 323: Investments Prof Kish A security sales and trading agent is a financial occupation that I would hope to pursue upon graduation. Being a trader is something that has always been of interest to me, as it seems as though the fast pace and constant changes within the market would be a challenging yet rewarding job. The exchange of securities is an aspect of finance is under constant technological advancement, as computers have revolutionized the way that traders can trade bonds and stocks. Once there was only floor trading, but now thanks to the benefit of computers, desk traders have become a growing and more prominent part of securities exchange. The internet has also allowed for the globalization of world marketplaces, and is another reason for this growing financial division. Aside from globalization, the internet has allowed for more online trading firms to open, expanding the need for traders. Generally speaking there are two kinds of traders: floor traders and desk traders. Floor traders is the occupation of one who physically runs around the trading floor like the New York Stock Exchange looking for buyers and sellers for their tickets. The floor broker will receive the order electronically when on the floor, and then will try to find the best price for the security that they are buying or selling.

Cisco Systems, Inc Essay

Cisco Systems, Inc. is an American-based multinational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics, networking and communications technology and services. Headquartered in San Jose, California, Cisco has more than 65,000 employees and annual revenue of US$40. 0 billion as of 2010. The stock was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average on June 8, 2009, and is also included in the S&P 500 Index the Russell 1000 Index, NASDAQ100 Index and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index. [4] Cisco is one of the world’s biggest technology corporations. Corporate history One of the many buildings on the Cisco Systems campus in San Jose Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner, a married couple who worked as computer operations staff members at Stanford University, later joined by Richard Troiano, founded Cisco Systems in 1984. Lerner moved on to direct computer services at Schlumberger, moving full time to Cisco in 1987. The name â€Å"Cisco† was derived from the city name, San Francisco, which is why the company’s engineers insisted on using the lower case â€Å"cisco† in the early days. For Cisco’s first product, Bosack adapted multiple-protocol router software originally written some years before by William Yeager, another Stanford employee who later joined Sun Microsystems. The company’s first CEO was Bill Graves, who held the position from 1987 to 1988. [5] In 1988, John Morgridge was appointed CEO, and succeeded in 1995 by John Chambers. While Cisco was not the first company to develop and sell a router,[6] it was one of the first to sell commercially successful routers supporting multiple network protocols. [7] As the Internet Protocol (IP) became widely adopted, the importance of multi-protocol routing declined. Today, Cisco’s largest routers are primarily used to deliver IP packets. In 1990, the company was listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. Lerner was fired; as a result Bosack quit after receiving $200 million. Most of those profits were given to charities and the two later divorced. Cisco acquired a variety of companies to bring in products and talent into the company. Several acquisitions, such as Stratacom, were the biggest deals in the industry when they occurred. During the Internet boom in 1999, the company acquired Cerent Corporation, a start-up company located in Petaluma, California, for about US$7 billion. It was the most expensive acquisition made by Cisco to date, and only the acquisition of Scientific-Atlanta has been larger. Several acquired companies have grown into $1Bn+ business units for Cisco, including LAN switching, Enterprise Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP), and home networking. Cisco acquired Linksys in 2003. In late March 2000, at the height of the dot-com boom, Cisco was the most valuable company in the world, with a market capitalization of more than US$500 billion. [8][9] In July 2009, with a market cap of about US$108. 3 billion,[10] it is still one of the most valuable companies. [11] The company was a 2002-03 recipient of the Ron Brown Award,[citation needed] a U. S. presidential honor to recognize companies â€Å"for the exemplary quality of their relationships with employees and communities†. In 2010, Cisco bought Starent Networks, a mobile technology company and Moto Development Group, a product design consulting firm that helped develop Cisco’s Flip video camera. [12] The Company has built its Globalization Centre East in Bangalore for $1 billion and 20% of Cisco’s leaders will be based there.

Race: White People and Color Purple Essay

What does race means? To me race means where we come from, the color of my skin, appearance and the beliefs I follow. Even though for many people is the skin color or the appearance of a person. Many of the minority races had being treated unequally in the United States since early colonization. Over time there has being an increase of Hispanics, Blacks and Asians, each one bringing new experiences to the country and changing it in a good way. I have learned in my choice unit books, that many people just see someone’s skin color to try to figure out how they are instead of their personality. Most of the characters in those books had experience racism, lack of education, and economic statue. Each of the main characters had different stories, and went through different hardships but there is one thing in common. They come from a different culture and a poor family. Racism is one of the main issues of this country since slavery was introduced to the colonies and so did I saw it in different book and films this year. As I notice while reading The Color Purple whites has most of the superiority and so did man of any race. Sofia a big girl who wasn’t afraid of anyone and always talked back when there was something she didn’t like. One time she met a white woman and asked her if Sofia will like to work as her maid. Sofia refused that offered and so the white woman’s husband asked her again and she refused again, so the man slapped her and so Sofia responded back. At the end she was sent to jail for hitting a white person and was sentenced to work on the white’s family house for many years. She couldn’t see her children for many years or any one from her family. This example shows how many whites have superiority over certain race. Before you didn’t have to be rich, to be superior, you just needed to be white in order to set the rules, vote, and to be free in a few days if there was a crime. In my history class I saw a documentary how an African American 14 years old boy was killed just for talking to a white women and his case to get the guilty men in prison wasn’t that successful, and those men were set free and declared not guilty. After a few days a press told them they will receive money if they told the media the truth and so did the white men confessed and were sent to jail. This was a victory for the boy’s mom, but still they left an empty whole in that boy’s family. This is one of the few cases in the early years that a crime was solve to favor African Americans and many were just forgotten. Now days we have seeing that there is a huge percentage of color people dropping school every day. Many of these kids face pregnancy at an early age, they start looking for jobs, etc. In The Color Purple, Celie was abused by her stepfather and had two kids with him. He always lowered her esteem by telling her she was dumb and fat. She didn’t want to go to school for this causes but slowly she started learning how to read and write because her sister helped her. Later on she created her own store and triumph in life. Also in the film A Better Life we can see how a community of Hispanics has lowered education and many of the gangs are formed inside school. Schools are supposed to represent a safety environment so everyone can learn. The school environment I saw in the film was kind of like a jail. Police was everywhere the school and many kids had tattoos everywhere in their body. Many poor cities are more likely to have a lack of education and many of them are black or Latinos. In Macho, the people in Mexico living in that city were struggling for a job. The ones that had a job didn’t make a lot of money to bring food to their families. Since that’s a big issue, many falls in the hands of coyotes and try to immigrate illegally to its neighbor country which is the United States. Many try to get a working visa but also many fail, and the only choice they had was to travel by the desert. A lot of people died in the process of passing border or they were left to die or they were shot but gang members. In conclusion races are the one that define this country because many of us came from different cultures. We came to the United States to find freedom, which the first amendment allowed to us, also to escape poverty of our countries, and give our family a better future. Many of the families that migrate to this country do it in different forms. Many innocent people face discriminations and racism because of their skin color or how they look. Their communities’ faces lack of educations, many of the schools are not receiving help from the government. Poor communities are the ones that have a lot of diversity including blacks, Hispanic and Asians. This people have hardship looking for jobs and sometimes their only choice is to join a gang. Race has changed this country in different ways, and hopefully in years racism will have a different face.

Compare the main issues with accounting for overheads within a manufacturing sector Essay Example

Compare the main issues with accounting for overheads within a manufacturing sector Essay Example Compare the main issues with accounting for overheads within a manufacturing sector Essay Compare the main issues with accounting for overheads within a manufacturing sector Essay Operating expenses, besides known as indirect costs, are costs that are incurred by an administration that can non be clearly attributed to a cost object i.e. something for which a cost is required. It is of import for administrations to cover all costs that it creates ; accounting for operating expense has become more of import in modern times as it takes up a larger per centum of the costs an administration implicates. The chief issue associated for accounting for operating expenses is that indirect costs are hard to categorize and they can non be easy traced to a specific cost. Operating expenses were traditionally, and still are accounted for utilizing Marginal and Absorption Costing. However, the traditional system has its defects and more late ; Activity Based Costing was introduced for more accurate merchandise and client costing. A cost can be classified via its behavior and property. Costss that are classified by their behavior are called variable and fixed costs. Variable costs are relative to the sum of resources used whereas fixed costs are acquired and paid for in progress. Hence, fixed costs are related to predicted degree of capacity while variable costs are related to existent degree of activity. It is of import that the direction accountant identifies whether the cost is fixed or variable as it can under-estimate or over-estimate the costs. Once the cost is classified, you will be able to gauge cost per unit. Variable and Fixed cost can be direct or indirect depending on the Cost Object. Direct cost is the cost of a resource that is merely used by one cost object. Variable costs are direct when you calculate the cost of stuff used doing one type of merchandise, nevertheless if the variable cost varies to the proportion to a activity that supports several merchandises, so the variable cost will be ind irect to the single merchandises. Similarly, fixed costs can be direct or indirect. The issue is that cost categorization of a cost can alter if the costs object alterations. This makes it more hard to apportion operating expenses. An illustration would be if Nokia, a nomadic industry, make up ones mind to use a mill supervisor. If the cost object is a merchandise, so the wage for the supervisor would be indirect to the cost of the merchandise. However, if the cost object is the mill, so the wage would be a direct cost. Operating expenses are traditionally accounted for by cost driver rates. Cost driver rates allocate the indirect costs accumulated by the administration to a specific product/job/process etc. It is a necessity to cover operating expenses as they can do up a big proportion of entire costs of the company. Each cost is linked with a specific cost driver and is referred to as a cost pool. Historically, cost driver rates were based upon Direct Labour Hours and Direct Machine Hours. However, administrations now recognise several factors could be driving support costs alternatively of one or two factors. ( Atkinson et al. 2007 Page89 ) Cost Driver Ratess are calculated as follows: Normal Cost of Support Activity / Practical Capacity of Cost Driver . ( Atkinson et al. 2007, Page89 ) Normal Cost of Supporting Activity is the cost of the resources committed to a peculiar activity and practical capacity is long term mean usage capacity made available by the sum of resources committed to a su pport activity . The job with Cost Driver Rate is that they remain changeless overtime and therefore make non take into consideration the fluctuations in demand over a short period of clip. This is a job because when demand is low, in the short tally cost driver rates are traveling to be calculated at a higher rate pricing yourself out of the market. Similarly, in periods of high demand, your monetary value would pull more concern than usual which would prove your capacity. ( Globusz, 2011 ) Marginal Costing is an accounting system in which variable costs are charged to be units and fixed costs of the period are written in full against aggregative part . Marginal cost is the excess cost incurred in the last unit of production. It is an attack that excludes operating expenses as they are seen irrelevant in the short tally because they are to stay fixed regardless of the degree of end product. Premise for fringy costing is that within the relevant scope, fixed costs will stay the same for any sum of sales/production. Therefore, in bing footings, when an excess unit of merchandise is made, the excess costs incurred in its industry is variable production i.e. fixed costs will non alter. When fringy cost is ascertained, part is the result which assists in the breakeven end product as it goes towards retrieving fixed costs. When fixed costs are equal to the part you reach breakeven end product. ( Tutor2u ) Absorption costing is a method that, in add-on to direct costs, assigns all or a proportion, of production operating expense costs to be units by agencies of one or an figure of overhead soaking up rates . Absorption bing takes into history fixed, variable, direct A ; indirect costs as normal fabrication costs are considered merchandise costs and all costs are included in the stock list. Direct costs are straight linked to the end product. Indirect costs are attributed to the service section of a concern. Costss are so reallocated from service support sections to production sections where each facet of operating expenses is absorbed individually, before an soaking up recovery rate is calculated. The soaking up recovery rates are based on pre-budgeted figures. ( Atkinson, 2007 ) Absorption recovery rate is calculated by: budgeted fixed production overhead/budgeted degree of activity. ( Weetman 2010 ) Absorption bing besides is normally required for stock list rating und er fiscal accounting. Activity Based Costing established a nexus between activities that create operating expenses to put more appropriate cost driver rates. ( Tollington and Wachter 2001 ) Activity based bing assigns overhead cost to activities based on their ingestion . Just like traditional systems, activity based costing uses a two phase allotment system. It is different to them in that it allocates cost to be Centres instead than sections in the first phase. In the 2nd phase, activity based costs assigns cost of activities on their use. It does by configuring what drives the cost before set uping volume of drivers to cipher the driver rate which is applied based on the use of these resources. ABC does non supply information that can be used for determination devising. ( Drury and Tayles 1995 ) However, ABC does supply information that would let the companies to apportion more elaborate particular surveies to determine their long term viability . Activity based bing includes a greater figure of ac tivities A ; cost driver rates than traditional attacks. ( Otley 2007 ) ABC can be distinguished into procedure position and cost position, cost position is based on being more accurate with the costs whereas process position evaluates your public presentation steps for uninterrupted measuring. Best bargain Europe operates Carphone warehouse. Carphone warehouse sells merchandises and services through retail mercantile establishments and the cyberspace. ( Carphone Warehouse,2010 ) A important proportion of gross is derived from the nomadic web operates in the house of committees for presenting new clients and reclamations. With the consumer market valued at ?9b In 2009, Carphone Warehouse have diversified into fixed line and broadband line whilst selling subsidized laptop with fixed line and broadband connexions. They are besides looking to farther diversify into the market by including gambling and sound. Sing the points, I believe that the likely operating environment a Service company such as Carphone Warehouse would run in is fringy costing. Fringy costing is non a method of bing like procedure or occupation costing ; instead it is a technique of cost information for the counsel of direction. Fringy costing would let Carphone Warehouse to determine the construct of part to its merchandises and use interrupt even analysis to work out how much of each merchandise they have to sell. The cardinal characteristic of fringy costing is that it classifies costs, creates stock stock list rating and configures fringy part. Cost categorization would let Carphone Warehouse to distinguish between its variable and fixed costs and utilize its variable costs to plan its gross revenues technique. Net income measuring for stock/inventory is besides valued at fringy cost ( cost of bring forthing one excess unit ) which is in crisp contrast to the entire unit cost under soaking up bing method. Fringy Contribution would let Carphone Warehouse you to judge the profitableness of different products/departments. Whereas a service company such as Nokia would utilize soaking up bing. Absorption costing is based on the premise that all fixed costs have to be recovered and included in merchandise costs. This would let company s such as Nokia to integrate all fixed and indirect costs to the merchandises they make. They do this via delegating all operating expenses by agencies of a budgeted overhead soaking up rate leting them to apportion costs consequently. Absorption bing calculates the unit cost of an point by taking into history all the company costs including fixed/variable and direct/indirect costs. If an operating expense can non be straight allocated to a unit so it has to be absorbed individually via cost Centres on an just base. The advantage of Carphone Warehouse utilizing Marginal Costing is that it is a simple method where all operating expenses ( indirect/fixed costs ) are taken of at the terminal of the balance sheet. Fringy Costing helps in short-run net income planning via breakeven A ; profitableness analysis is available because of part. Contribution can be used by Carphone Warehouse to do comparative profitableness and public presentation between two or more merchandises that they sell, so they can work out how much is needed to sell in order for them to interrupt even and which merchandises they may be doing a loss on. Besides, by avoiding allotment of fixed costs, it can concentrate on doing fringy bing more consistent and more accurate. However the drawbacks for Carphone Warehouse utilizing fringy costing, as all costs are technically variable in the long tally, it is hard to divide costs in to variable and fixed costs. Therefore, fringy costing is ever seen as a short term solution because in the long tally, gross revenues monetary value, fixed and variable costs per unit can change doing fringy costing unrealistic. It avoids taking into history semi-variable costs. Besides, it is comparatively easy to pull strings figures ( Kaplan 1984 pg.20 ) that do non heighten the long term competitory place of the house . The advantages of Nokia utilizing soaking up costing is that it incorporates entire costs guaranting fixed costs are recovered in to the merchandise, i.e. fixed and variable, direct and indirect costs per unit into a merchandise. It is good for the directors as it allows them the option to put a merchandising monetary value utilizing a cost grade up rate. It treats each cost separately and applies an soaking up rate to each operating expense. It besides would let Nokia to analyze the profitableness of different merchandises it sells so it would assist in the determination devising of which merchandises to bead and which merchandises to transport on bring forthing. The disadvantages of soaking up costing is that the soaking up rates are forecasted, therefore there is a danger of over or under soaking up which illustrates that the operating expenses that have been absorbed can be greater or less than the existent operating expense. Furthermore, the capacity degrees chosen by Nokia for an overhead soaking up rates is based on an historical event and therefore capable to alter. Absorption costing is rather a composite, expensive and times devouring method. My recommendation for both administrations is to follow activity based costing ( ABC ) . ABC uses a costing system similar to traditional cost systems but it traces it costs to activities alternatively of cost Centres. ABC involves puting up activity cost drivers and delegating costs based on their use. ABC is different from soaking up bing as it utilises unit cost instead than entire costs. ABC besides allows for accurate costing for all activities through out an administration alternatively of establishing it on historical figures. ABC asses the cost of single merchandises based on their use of resources. ABC can besides be used in service companies such as Carphone warehouse, as it will let them to concentrate on client costs and profitableness. Virtually all costs in a service company are indirect and look to be fixed. Customer behavior determines the basic operating costs of merchandises in service companies whereas in fabricating companies they are client independent. In servic e companies, there is a greater fluctuation in demand and the service company can merely find and command the efficiencies of its internal activities. Carphone warehouse has to take into history entire relationship profitableness with its clients as they may hold more than one service with the company. Activity based bing would let fabricating companies such as Nokia to more accurately allocate costs more than of all time before. In recent times fabricating operating expenses associating to increase use of machines has increased, this has led to operating expenses going a higher proportion of fabrication costs. Activity Based Management is better than the traditional methods of apportioning costs on the footing of machine hours. It allows directors to apportion costs to merchandises that demand the activity. Directors are able to utilize the information gained on activity costs to better the profitableness of their concern. They can look at what truly needs improving by placing high cost and inefficient procedures. In decision, the chief issues and jobs with accounting for operating expenses can be partly solved by ABC for both fabrication and service companies. However, surprisingly, ABC is still non implemented as much and harmonizing to a study, ( Abdel-Kader and Luther 2006 ) 76 % neer or seldom use ABC or soaking up costing. There is a batch of opposition around ABC from persons from administrations. This is partly due to directors and persons being against alteration and the deductions of ABC theoretical account uncovering instances of bad direction of products/customers which would coerce directors to deny the cogency of the new attack.

Barrick Gold and the Mine at the Top of the World

Main Body Barrick Gold’s main communication problem has been formed by Barrick saying one thing, then doing something else; this inevitably caused a lack of trust between its stakeholders and the company. The problem has created hidden agendas and guarded communication, thereby slowing decision making and productivity. For example, Argentina passed a law that protected their glaciers and permafrost, â€Å"which looked as if it might prevent the Argentinian part of the project from going forward. † (Barrick Gold case, pp. 11). The cause of the problem stems from Barrick Gold not keeping their promise. They proposed to transport the most affected glaciers farther away from the mining site, but did not live up to that promise. The symptoms of the problem include the farmer’s unhappiness with the company and the mayor for supporting the mining project. Another symptom is the fact that the Argentinian national legislatures passed the law protecting the glaciers. This desperate move shows that Argentina has a lack of trust that the company will follow through on their promise to deal with the melting glaciers. The 5 main stakeholders include the Chile and Argentina governments, the local farmers, residents of the valley, and the shareholders of Barrick Gold. Each of these stakeholders have separate issues they are concerned with. The Chile government is concerned with waste the mine is dumping into the river that runs through the Huasco Valley of Chile, specifically cyanide. The Argentina governments concern is based on the fact that the royalties they receive from the mine are ? of the total GDP of their poor San Juan province; once the mining is finished this will regress back to zero and devastate the economy. The local farmers are concerned with the explosions that cause dust to settle on the glaciers and accelerate its melting; the effects are devastating to the whole surrounding ecosystem. The resident’s of the valley share the same concern as the Argentinian government, that once the mining ceases their income will revert to zero. Finally, the shareholders of Barrick Gold are concerned with the idea of huge opposition and lack of productivity that ensued because of it. In dealing with the afore mentioned stakeholder groups, Barrick Gold can use all the steps of the communication model, including: sender, encode, channel, receiver, and feedback. First off, the Chilean government: Barrick Gold (sender) needs to think of a method that allows cyanide to be removed from the river (encode), and this idea needs to be presented face-to-face (channel) to the Chilean government (receiver); once the idea is received, Barrick Gold needs to allow for feedback (positive or negative) from this stakeholder. Secondly, the local farmers: Barrick Gold (sender) is responsible for devising a plan for decelerating the melting of the glaciers (encode) and portraying this plan, either in a proposal or in a meeting (channel), to the local farmers (receiver); the farmers need to provide their response of how the government is doing (feedback). Conclusion In conclusion, Barrick Gold has a communication problem that could potentially destroy its whole project. How the company deals with its stakeholders is very important to its future success in Chile and Argentina. To mend the problem it is of the company’s best interest to follow the communication model and make all attempts to repair the damage already done by not keeping their promise. Barrick Gold and the Mine at the Top of the World Main Body Barrick Gold’s main communication problem has been formed by Barrick saying one thing, then doing something else; this inevitably caused a lack of trust between its stakeholders and the company. The problem has created hidden agendas and guarded communication, thereby slowing decision making and productivity. For example, Argentina passed a law that protected their glaciers and permafrost, â€Å"which looked as if it might prevent the Argentinian part of the project from going forward. † (Barrick Gold case, pp. 11). The cause of the problem stems from Barrick Gold not keeping their promise. They proposed to transport the most affected glaciers farther away from the mining site, but did not live up to that promise. The symptoms of the problem include the farmer’s unhappiness with the company and the mayor for supporting the mining project. Another symptom is the fact that the Argentinian national legislatures passed the law protecting the glaciers. This desperate move shows that Argentina has a lack of trust that the company will follow through on their promise to deal with the melting glaciers. The 5 main stakeholders include the Chile and Argentina governments, the local farmers, residents of the valley, and the shareholders of Barrick Gold. Each of these stakeholders have separate issues they are concerned with. The Chile government is concerned with waste the mine is dumping into the river that runs through the Huasco Valley of Chile, specifically cyanide. The Argentina governments concern is based on the fact that the royalties they receive from the mine are ? of the total GDP of their poor San Juan province; once the mining is finished this will regress back to zero and devastate the economy. The local farmers are concerned with the explosions that cause dust to settle on the glaciers and accelerate its melting; the effects are devastating to the whole surrounding ecosystem. The resident’s of the valley share the same concern as the Argentinian government, that once the mining ceases their income will revert to zero. Finally, the shareholders of Barrick Gold are concerned with the idea of huge opposition and lack of productivity that ensued because of it. In dealing with the afore mentioned stakeholder groups, Barrick Gold can use all the steps of the communication model, including: sender, encode, channel, receiver, and feedback. First off, the Chilean government: Barrick Gold (sender) needs to think of a method that allows cyanide to be removed from the river (encode), and this idea needs to be presented face-to-face (channel) to the Chilean government (receiver); once the idea is received, Barrick Gold needs to allow for feedback (positive or negative) from this stakeholder. Secondly, the local farmers: Barrick Gold (sender) is responsible for devising a plan for decelerating the melting of the glaciers (encode) and portraying this plan, either in a proposal or in a meeting (channel), to the local farmers (receiver); the farmers need to provide their response of how the government is doing (feedback). Conclusion In conclusion, Barrick Gold has a communication problem that could potentially destroy its whole project. How the company deals with its stakeholders is very important to its future success in Chile and Argentina. To mend the problem it is of the company’s best interest to follow the communication model and make all attempts to repair the damage already done by not keeping their promise.

T.V.Show Project Concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

T.V.Show Project Concept - Essay Example The genre of the project is that of the traditional variety show and game show, mixed with travel and reality TV. There is a sense of live television or immediacy in hosted television reality programs: it is about the present tense and the competition of the participants. The rule is that the host is expected to look at the camera and relate to the home viewer explicitly and intimately. The rule that the reality game show should remember is that it is all based on money. The show wants to show the viewer something that is spontaneous or unexpected. The reality game show also must apply in the future that reality TV shows do have an effect on prime time news programs, as is seen by many of the tactics taken by FOX and others. Comparative shows to â€Å"Where Are We?† include â€Å"Fear Factor,† â€Å"The Amazing Race,† â€Å"American XPlorer,† and other shows on Discovery and the Travel Channel. There are cable as well as network inspirations for the show, which relies on classic game-show formulas at its heart. Target audiences include urban males and females, especially couples, who want to travel, but do not have time. In terms of programming strategy, the individual in this demographic watches reality TV game shows on cable at home and alone, or they get social gratification or filling social needs by watching the channel with friends or family members. They watch reality TV game shows on Discovery or some other channel has every day for hours, or while they eat dinner. If â€Å"Survivor† had this kind of habitual viewer it would’ve gotten even higher ratings. The gratification for this demographic is found in the channel’s game show programming and reality show programming, and people do not pay any attention to the advertisements during commercials. In fact, this demographic in particular often switches the channel so as to avoid advertisements entirely while watching reality TV